The Tower of London is one of the world's most famous and iconic fortresses. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, it has served as a royal palace, a forbidding prison, a secure armory, and even a royal zoo. For nearly a millennium, it has stood as a guardian of the city, witnessing the triumph and tragedy of the British monarchy.
A Fortress Born of Conquest
The Tower's story begins in 1066. Following the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror sought to solidify his power over the rebellious citizens of London. He ordered the construction of a massive stone fortress on the north bank of the Thames.
The centerpiece, The White Tower, was completed in 1078. Its sheer scale and imposing stone walls were a clear message to the Londoners: their new masters were here to stay. Over the centuries, the Tower was expanded by successive monarchs, eventually becoming a complex of buildings surrounded by two concentric rings of defensive walls and a formidable moat.
The Crown Jewels
For many, the primary draw of the Tower is the chance to see the Crown Jewels. This priceless collection of royal regalia is the most powerful symbol of the British Monarchy. Housed in the Jewel House under armed guard, the collection includes over 140 ceremonial objects set with more than 23,000 gemstones.
Highlighting the collection is the Imperial State Crown, which contains the stunning Cullinan II diamond, and the Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross, which holds the Cullinan I—the largest clear cut diamond in the world. Seeing these objects up close is a reminder of the immense wealth and long-standing traditions of the crown.
Prisons and Persecution
While it was built as a palace and a fortress, the Tower is perhaps most famous for its role as a prison. From 1100 until as recently as 1952, it held those who posed a threat to the state or the monarch.
The names of its prisoners read like a "who's who" of British history: Anne Boleyn (the second wife of Henry VIII), Lady Jane Grey (the "Nine Days' Queen"), Sir Walter Raleigh, and Guy Fawkes. Many met their end on Tower Green (for those of high rank) or just outside the walls on Tower Hill for public executions. The "Bloody Tower" and "Traitors' Gate" still evoke the dark atmosphere of those turbulent times.
The Yeoman Warders: Beefeaters
One of the most beloved features of the Tower is the Yeoman Warders, or "Beefeaters." Dressed in their distinctive tudor-style uniforms, they were originally formed in 1485 as a personal bodyguard for Henry VII.
Today, they act as the Tower's ceremonial guardians and expert tour guides. All warders are retired senior non-commissioned officers from the Armed Forces who have served with distinction for at least 22 years. Their tours are a masterclass in storytelling, blending grim history with a distinctive dry wit. Following a Beefeater tour is the best way to understand the Tower's complex layers of history.
The Ravens: Guardians of the Kingdom
No visit to the Tower is complete without seeing its resident ravens. Legend has it that if the six ravens ever leave the Tower, the kingdom and the fortress will fall.
This tradition is taken very seriously. There are always at least six ravens (plus a few spares) living within the walls, under the careful care of the Ravenmaster. They are treated with great respect and have become iconic symbols of the Tower's enduring presence.
The Royal Armouries and the Line of Kings
Inside the White Tower, vous can explore the Royal Armouries, the UK's national collection of arms and armor. The highlight is the Line of Kings, an exhibition that dates back over 350 years. It features horse-mounted figures and the personal armor of various monarchs, including the spectacular gold-leaf armor of Henry VIII. It is one of the oldest museum displays in the world.
Planning Your Visit
The Tower of London is one of the most popular attractions in the world, so a little planning is essential.
Tickets: Always book your tickets online in advance. This guarantees entry and allows vous to skip the long ticket queues. Your ticket includes access to the Crown Jewels, the White Tower, the Beefeater tours, and the torture exhibition.
Opening Times: Generally opens at 09:00 (10:00 on Sundays and Mondays) and closes at 17:30. recommend arriving early or visiting during the late afternoon to avoid the heaviest crowds.
The Ceremony of the Keys: This is the ancient tradition of locking the Tower gates at night. It hasn't missed a single night in over 700 years. Tickets are free but must be booked months in advance via the official website.
Accessibility: Due to its age and defensive nature, many parts of the Tower have uneven cobbles and steep stairs. However, there is a lift to the Jewel House and the White Tower, and many areas are accessible for wheelchair users.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take to see the Tower?
Expect to spend at least 3 to 4 hours to see the main highlights, including the Crown Jewels, a Beefeater tour, and the White Tower. There is a lot to see, so don't rush!
Are there ghosts at the Tower?
The Tower is widely considered one of the most haunted buildings in England. Many people claim to have seen the ghost of Anne Boleyn carrying her head, or the spirits of the "Two Princes" who vanished in the 15th century.
Can I take photos?
Photography for personal use is permitted in most outdoor areas and within the White Tower. However, photography and filming are strictly prohibited inside the Jewel House to protect the Crown Jewels and maintain security.